Personalization

Principle One - Use Conversational Style Rather Than Formal Style Principle Two - Use Effective On-Screen Coaches to Promote Learning
 * The goal of a training program is to convey important information
 * Emphasize the personal aspects of the training—by using words like “you” and “I"
 * Guiding principle is to keep things simple by presenting the basic information
 * Writing with first- and second-person language
 * Speaking with a friendly human voice
 * Using polite wording to establish a conversational tone between the course and the learner
 * Do not overdo the personalization style because it is important not to distract the learner
 * Focus specifically on the role of on-screen coach
 * Agents provide coaching in the form of hints, worked examples, demonstrations, and explanations
 * Agent’s words are presented as speech rather than text, in conversational style rather than formal style
 * Agent's words are human-like rather than machine-like articulation
 * Agents to provide instruction rather than for entertainment purposes

Principal Three - Make the Author Visible to Promote Learning


 * Converting an invisible author to a visible one is called giving a voice to the text
 * Promotes learner motivation
 * When authors are visible, students see the author as “a personal guide" through an otherwise difficult domain
 * Activation of social presence, encourage learners to engage in deeper cognitive processing during learning, leading to a better learning outcome
 * People work harder to understand a lesson when they feel they are in a conversation with the author
 * Positive effects of visible authors may be strongest for students who might otherwise be losing interest in the course

Clark, R.C. & Mayer, R.E. (2011). //E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumer and designer of multi-media learning// (3rd Ed.) San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.